Which mobile device component, depending on the sensor type, can take input from a stylus or your finger and turn it into an image on a laptop or other mobile device?

You can draw or write on a digitizer, then the content will be digitalized to digital images on a computer to which it is connected to. You can either use your fingers or a stylus as an input to the digitizer.
Digitizers can be integrated into the screens of laptops and mobile devices, or they can be standalone devices that link to a computer via a USB or other connector. Touchpads and pointing sticks turn your finger movement onto the screen as mouse movement. In CCFL displays, an inverter is utilized to convert DC to AC.